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Mary Allen Wilkes (born September 25, 1937 in Chicago, Illinois) is a former computer programmer and logic designer, most known for her work with the LINC computer, now recognized by many as the world's first "personal computer."〔"(Computer Pioneer Award • IEEE Computer Society )" to Wesley A.. Clark for the "First Personal Computer," 1981, ''www.computer.org''. Retrieved 2015-07-27.〕〔"How the Computer became Personal," John Markoff, NY Times, Aug. 19, 2001〕〔Clark, Wesley A., "(The LINC was Early and Small )," ''Proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery: History of the Personal Computer,'' Jan. 9-10, 1986, pp. 133-155. ACM-0-89791-176-8-1/86-0133.〕〔Bell, C. Gordon, J. Craig Mudge, and John E. McNamara, Computer Engineering, Digital Press, 1978, p. 175.〕 Wilkes graduated from Wellesley College in 1959 where she majored in philosophy and theology.〔Ornstein, Severo, Computing in the Middle Ages, AUTHORHOUSE, 2002, p. 106. ISBN 9781403315175〕 At that time she wanted to become a lawyer but was discouraged by friends and mentors because she was a woman. She sought work in the computer field partly because computer programming was a field that was open to women and partly because her geography teacher in the eighth grade had told her during a class discussion, "Mary Allen, when you grow up, you ought to be a computer programmer."〔10th "(Vintage Computer Festival )". ''www.vintage.org''. Retrieved 2015-07-27.〕 She had no idea at the time what that meant, but she never forgot it. She finally became an attorney in 1975. ==MIT== Wilkes worked under Oliver Selfridge and Benjamin Gold on the Speech Recognition Project at MIT's Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts from 1959 to 1960, programming the IBM 704 and the IBM 709.〔(Interview with Mary Allen Wilkes at the 10th Vintage Computer Festival, Nov. 4, 2007, Mountain View, CA ). Retrieved 2015-07-27.〕 She joined the Digital Computer Group, also at Lincoln Laboratory, just as work was beginning on the LINC design under Wesley A. Clark in June 1961. Clark had earlier designed Lincoln's TX-0 and TX-2 computers. Wilkes's contributions to the LINC development included simulating the operation of the LINC during its design phase on the TX-2,〔 designing the console for the prototype LINC and writing the operator's manual for the final console design.〔LINC Control Console, Washington Univ. Computer Systems Laboratory LINC Document No. 2, July 23, 1963.〕 In January, 1963, the LINC group left Lincoln Laboratory to form the Center for Computer Technology in the Biomedical Sciences at MIT's Cambridge, Massachusetts campus, where, in the summer of 1963 it trained the first participants in the LINC Evaluation Program, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.〔Rosenfeld, S.A ., (Laboratory Instrument Computer (LINC) ): The Genesis of a Technological Revolution. In the proceedings of the ''Seminar in Celebration of the'' ''20th Anniversary of the LINC Computer.'' NIH Rept., Office of NIH History, November 30, 1983, p. 4. ''history.nih.gov''. Retrieved 2015-07-27.〕 Wilkes taught participants in the program and wrote the early "LAP" (LINC Assembly Program) assembly programs for the 1024-word LINC. She also co-authored the LINC's programming manual, ''Programming the LINC'' with Wesley A. Clark.〔Programming the LINC, Washington Univ. Computer Systems Laboratory, 2nd ed., January 1969, with W. A. Clark.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mary Allen Wilkes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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